Current analyses of the vowel inventory of English posit almost twenty vowels, short vowels, long vowels, and diphthongs.  There have been proposals that diphthongs and long vowels and simply combinations of a short vowel and a glide, that is, fly, now, spa end in a consonant.  I support these proposals with further evidence, showing that English has a very simple vowel system consisting of only six vowels: [i], [e], [a], [ə], [o], and [u].

There are many discussions of vowel harmony in Hungarian.  These almost uniformly see it as a phonological phenomenon. However, there are certain properties of vowel harmony that suggest that it is morphological: it is not (only) the phonological shape of a stem that selects the suffix vowel, but its morphological class, or even semantic properties.